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Back
Margin
See: Gutter Margin.
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Back
Matter
Material printed at the end of a book, such as appendix, addenda,
glossary, index, bibliography.
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Back
Strip
See: Back Lining.
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Back
Up
To print the second, or reverse side of a sheet already printed
on one side. Printing is said to back up when the printing areas
on both sides are exactly opposite one another.
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Backbone
The back of a bound book connecting the two covers; also called
Spine or Shelfback.
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Background
Master Page
An unseen element in some software applications that allows a common
item, such as page numbering, to be added automatically to every
page of your document.
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Backing
(1) The process of raising a joint on a book to be case bound; occurs
after rounding and before lining.
(2) Printing the second, or back side of the sheet.
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Backlining
The material, paper or fabric, pasted on the inside of the spine
(backbone) of a book case.
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Backup
The process of copying files and/or programs from a hard drive to
an external medium to prevent the need to recreate in the event
the original is lost, damaged or destroyed.
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Backward
Broadside Page
A page on which the text runs sideways. The book is turned counter-clockwise
to read it.
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Bad
Break
(1) In composition, starting a page or ending a paragraph with a
widow or other unsightly arrangement of type.
(2) Incorrect word division.
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Band
(1) A strip of paper, printed or unprinted, which wraps around loose
sheets (in lieu of binding with a cover) or assembled pieces.
(2) The operation of putting a paper band around loose sheets or
assembled pieces.
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Banding
Generally considered undesirable, banding is the visually obvious
changes in density in a Vignette.
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Banding
The visible levels of gray resulting from the encoding of a vignette
in PostScript. Reducing the size of the gradation or vignette will
work to reduce the visibility of the bands
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Bar
Code
Printed on covers, dust jackets, etc. or on labels to be adhered
to surface for Seller or Purchaser to scan for ISBN and price.
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Base
Color
A first color used as a background on which other colors are printed.
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Base
Stock
Foundation stock from which various papers are made.
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Baseline
In composition, the line on which the bottoms of letters rest, exclusive
of descenders which fall below the baseline.
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Baseline
the line on which the bottom of lowercase letters sit; this line
is an imaginary line with no hard and fast rules
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Basis
Size
The standard size for a grade of paper that is used to determine
the Basis Weight; 25 x 38 is the Basis Size for book papers.
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Basis
Weight
The weight of a ream (500 sheets) of paper in the Basis Size for
that grade of paper.
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Benday
A uniform pattern of dots, lines and other textures on artwork.
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Bezier
Curve
The mathematical curve description method used by the PostScript
language. Complex shapes and lines can be created using these curves.
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Bill
of Lading (B/L) / Packing Slip
The document that originates a shipment; it contains all the necessary
information for the carrier to properly handle the shipment in transit,
such as special instructions for handling and protection from the
elements, as well as delivery information. A Bill of Lading is:
a) the contract of carriage, b) documentary evidence of title, c)
used by the carrier to generate a Freight Bill, d) serves as a Packing
Slip since it describes shipment content.
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Binary
The base-two numbering system which uses only the digits 0 and 1.
It is the format for processing data in computers.
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Bind
To join pages of a book together with thread, wire, adhesive or
other means; to enclose them in a cover when so specified.
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Bind
Margin
The gutter or inner margin, from the binding to the beginning of
the printed area; also called Gutter Margin or Back Margin.
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Binder
(1) One who binds books.
(2) Short for perfect binding equipment.
(3) A detachable cover, into which loose pages or bound books and
pamphlets are inserted on rings or posts; contents are easily removed.
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Binder
Board
A stiff, high-grade composition board used in book binding, inside
the cloth of the case; more dense than chipboard.
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Binding
(1) Fastening printed sheets together into books.
(2) The covers and spine of a book.
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Bit
The smallest unit of measure in computer terms; either on or off
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Bite
A surface characteristic of paper which causes it to accept ink,
pencil or other impressions.
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Bitmap
An electronic image made up of dots that are stored as either black
or white (off or on). Each of these dots is equal to 1 bit of data.
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Bitmap
Small squares with a specific dpi used to create graphics and certain
fonts . When a bitmapped graphic is enlarged, squares composing
the graphic are clearly visible.
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Bitmap
Font
A font that is designed using a series of pixels to describe them,
there are no outlines to aid in the description of the characters.
Your system software uses bitmap fonts in the dialog boxes displayed
on your screen.
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Bitmap
Image
A graphic composed of a series of square dots, or pixels, rather
than a set of lines or vectors. Bitmap files are usually created
using a paint program (MacPaint or PC Paintbrush).
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Bitstream
fonts
A collection of fonts manufactured by Bitstream.
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Black
A color used along with Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow in the four color
print process
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Black
and White
Originals and reproductions in single color, as distinguished from
multicolor.
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Black
Dylux
See: Dylux (black, not blue).
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Black
Patch
See: Red Patch.
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Black
Printer
The black negative or plate made for color reproductions, to give
proper emphasis to neutral tones and detail, as well as print any
black copy.
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Blackletter
A style of type that has very ornate and thick letters
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Blank
An unprinted page.
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Blanket
A fabric coated with natural or synthetic rubber, clamped around
the blanket cylinder, which transfers ink from the printing plate
to the paper on an offset press.
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Bleed
Any image that extends beyond the trim edge of the page.
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Bleed
Image area the extends beyond the trim edge of the sheet. This extra
material is included to insure a clean cut edge to an image that
runs off the page.
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Bleed
Tabs
Most commonly, a solid ink square bleeding at the thumb edge of
a page or pages as a guide for the location of specific text matter.
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Blind
Embossing
A design which is stamped without gold leaf or ink, giving a bas-relief
effect.
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Blind
Folio
A folio (page number) which is counted, but not printed.
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Blind
Image
A plate image that has lost its ink-receptivity and fails to print;
also called Blind Plate.
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Blind
Stamp
A design which is impressed (stamped) by the die alone, without
foil or ink.
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Block
Style
A type style in which all lines align at the left margin.
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Blocking
The sticking together of printed press sheets, caused by wet ink.
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Blocking
Out
Eliminating undesirable backgrounds and portions of negatives by
opaquing the image; also called Opaquing and Spotting Out.
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Blowup
A photographic enlargement.
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Bluelines
A photoprint made from stripped-up negatives or positives, used
as a proof to check position of image elements; also called Silverprints,
Blues, Blueprints, Brownlines, Brownprints, Van dykes.
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Blues
See: Bluelines.
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Blurb
See: Mortice Copy.
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BMP
A file name extension indicating that the file contains a Windows-compatible
bitmapped graphic image. These files are limited to 24-bit color
(RGB), and cannot be CMYK.
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Body
In inkmaking, consistency, or viscosity.
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Body
Copy
The main part of the text of a publication.
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Body
size
The distance between the front and back of the piece of type. The
common foundry body sizes are: 6, 8, 1, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 6, and
72 point. In digital type, it is the height of the imaginary equivalent
of the rectangle defining the space owned by a given letter, and
not the dimension of the letter itself.
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Body
Type
Type used for the text matter of a book, as distinguished from the
headings and display type.
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Body
type
Small type, generally seven to twelve points in size
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Boldface
(bf)
Heavy-faced type.
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Book
Block
Sewn, trimmed signatures, ready for case binding.
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Book
Cloth
Cotton cloth, sized, glazed or impregnated with synthetic resins,
used for book covers; comes in different weights and weaves. The
quality of the cloth is determined by the number of threads per
inch and the tensile strength of the threads.
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Book
Paper
A general term for a class or group of papers having common physical
characteristics that are most suitable for book manufacture; made
to close tolerances on caliper (pages per inch).
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Book
Rate
Fourth class mail with a special rate, less than ordinary fourth
class; travels at the same speed as ordinary fourth class; also
called Educational Material (EM).
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Booklet
A small book of not more than 24 pages.
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Boolean
Search
performing a search using either the AND, OR or NOT parameters.
These operators will help to narrow the search.
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A printed line or design surrounding an illustration or other printed
matter.
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Bottom
Margin
The margin at the bottom of a page; also called Foot Margin or Tail
Margin.
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Bowed
Edges (of paper)
Convex or concave edges on trimmed sheets, caused when the draw
of the knife is not uniform because of wavy edges on the untrimmed
sheets.
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Box
Fold Cover
An unattached cover with two folds made to form a spine equal to
the bulk of the contents, into which two or more pieces are loosely
inserted.
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Boxhead
Similar to a cut-in head, but with a ruled line around it; also
a head for a column in a ruled table.
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Braces
{ } are rarely required in text work, but they can function as an
errata and outer set of parenthesis. The primary use is in mathematical
phrases and sets
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Brackets
[ ] Square brackets are essentials of typography, used for interpolation
into quoted matter and as secondary and inner sets of parenthesis.
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Break
For Color
To indicate or separate the parts of a mechanical which print in
different colors.
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Brightness
(1) The light being reflected by copy to the lens of the process
camera.
(2) In paper, light-reflective qualities that affect contrast and
halftone reproduction.
(3) The intensity or clarity of color; not dull or gray in value.
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Broadside
large document, poster size
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Broadside
Page
A page on which the text runs sideways. The book is turned clockwise
to read it.
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Broker
An agent for foreign shipments who arranges all details of the shipment,
including the paperwork, insurance, legal documents, etc.
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Brownline
See: Bluelines.
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Buckle
Folder
A type of folder. To fold, two rollers push a sheet between two
metal plates. When the paper meets a stop between the two plates,
it starts to buckle at the entrance of the plates. A third roller,
in conjunction with one of the original rollers, seizes the buckle
and puts a fold in the paper.
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Buckram
A book cloth which can be identified by heavy, coarse threads; available
in a number of grades; normally used for library bindings or large,
heavy books.
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Build
Percentage
The tint screen percentages of process Cyan, process magenta, process
Yellow, and Black used to simulate a spot color using process inks.
See also CMYK.
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Building
In-To place newly cased-in books through a finishing step where
backs are shaped and enough pressure applied by special hydraulic
presses to secure the drying books firmly.
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Bulk
(1) The stacked thickness of paper, usually expressed in pages per
inch (ppi). See also: Caliper.
(2) The thickness of a book, exclusive of cover.
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Bulking
Dummy
Unprinted sheets folded in the signature size and signature number
of a given job, to determine the actual bulk; used to establish
dimensions for cover or Dust Jacket art preparation or by the binder
to determine case size.
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Bullets
Round solid dots available in a variety of sizes; set on the vertical
center of the type body size; used to set off items in an indented
list.
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Bump
Exposure
An exposure in halftone photography in which the screen is removed
for a short time to increase highlight contrast.
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Bumper
End Mailer
A cushioned-end corrugated mailing carton with an air cell which
provides added protection for the contents.
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Burn
In platemaking, a common term for plate exposure.
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Burn
Out
To overexpose a press plate so that no tints come up.
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Burrs
Rough edges caused by cutting with a dull knife.
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Butt
To adjoin without overlapping (Ex-ample: two pieces of film or two
colors of ink).
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Byte
An electronic unit of measure equal to 8 bits. Sometimes referred
to as a computer word, a byte is generally an alpha or numeric character. |
