Saddlestitch (SS)
A binding method which inserts sections into sections, then fastens them with wires (stitches) through the middle fold of the sheets. The limiting factor in this type of binding is bulk (thickness); also called Saddlewire.
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Same Size (S/S)
An instruction to indicate that copy is not to be enlarged or reduced.
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Sample Case
A stamped case for customer approval, prior to stamping the balance of cases.
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Sample Page
Typeset sample of a book's intended design.
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Sample Stamped Cloth
A sample of the cloth for a given order, stamped with the specified foil; done prior to making cases.
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Sans Serif
A style of type face distinguished by the absence of serifs, or ticks, on the ends of strokes.
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Sansserif
from the Latin sans serif or without serifs.
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Saturation
A measure of the amount of gray in a color. The higher the gray content, the lower the saturation.
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Sawtooth Edge
An effect which occurs when the edges of a halftone cross the screen line at a certain angle.
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Scaling
Determining the size which an image should be reduced or enlarged to fit a specified area without changing the ratio of the dimensions; also called Sizing.
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Scanner
An electronic input device used in making color separations and tone corrected color separations that converts the original medium (a photograph, a drawing, etc.) into a digitized, bitmapped image or file. This file can then be manipulated electronically to accommodate size, color correction, cropping or whatever artistic designs are warranted. Flatbed scanners use CCD (charged couple device) technology while Drum Scanners use PMT (photomultiplier tube) technology.
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Score
A crease in a heavyweight paper or cover stock, to facilitate folding and prevent cracking.
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Scoring
(1) Underlining of a word or words. It is normally produced using a ruling pen in Composition. When all words in a copy block are underlined with a continuous rule, it is called Solid Scoring. If each individual word is underscored, it is known as Broken Scoring.
(2) Creasing paper or cover stock with a blunt blade along the line of the fold to prevent cracking and to facilitate folding.
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Screen
A network of criss-cross lines which break up a continuous tone image in to patterns of dots which can be printed either black or white to represent gradations of gray. See also: Crossline Screen, Contact Screen and Halftone Screen.
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Screen Angle
The angle in which a process color is rotated so that the visual observation of a pattern or moirþí© is not present.
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Screen Font
A low-resolution bitmapped representation of the font used for viewing privileges on a computer monitor, not for printing.
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Screen Frequency
measured in how many rows or lines of halftone dots occur in a given inch; displayed in LPI units (lines Pre Inch)
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Screen Printing
See: Silkscreen Printing.
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Screen Range
The density difference between the highlight and shadow areas of copy that a halftone screen can reproduce without a flash exposure.
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Screen Ruling
The number of lines or dots per inch on a halftone screen.
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Screen Tint
See: Screentone.
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Screened Halftone Negative
The negative film produced when continuous tone original copy is shot through a halftone screen.
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Screened Print
A print made from continuous tone copy which was screened during exposure; also called Prescreen.
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Screentone
A halftone film having a uniform dot size over its area, and rated by its approximate printing dot size value, such as 20%, 50%, etc.; also called Screen Tint.
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Scribe
To etch or remove part of the emulsion on a negative; done to produce a neat, uniform line.
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Scriber
A pencil-like tool with a steel point; used to remove the emulsion of a negative, for engraving rules or adding other fine detail.
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Script
A type style which resembles handwriting.
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Second Color
Any printing color other than the first, which is usually black.
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Secondary Colors
Colors that are produced when two primary colors overlap each other
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Second-Class Mail
Mail which includes newspapers and magazines issued at least four times a year; requires a second-class permit issued by the Post Office.
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Section
A group of 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, etc., pages folded as a unit; also called Signature.
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Segmented File
A record in a record-oriented database is often stored in as many segmented files as there are fields This file structure allows more flexible searching and output, but requires more time to prepare and verify.
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Self-Cover
A cover of the same paper as text pages.
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Semi-Concealed Cover
A cover for mechanical binding which is a single piece scored and slotted or punched for combining with the mechanical binding device, forming a closed backbone on bound units.
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Sensitivity Guide
A continuous tone gray scale with numbered steps, used to control exposures in process photography and platemaking; also called Gray Scale.
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Serif
The short cross-lines at the end of many letters, in some typefaces. See also: Sans Serif.
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Set
A series of volumes in sequence, as in a 6-volume set.
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Set Solid
Type composed without extra leading between the lines, where the leading used equals the type size.
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Set-In
See: Strip-In.
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Sew and Glue (S&G)
Covering sewn signatures with a paper cover, which is applied on hot adhesive; also called Dropping-on Covering.
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SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
SGML of a computer programming language that can be used to convert the information in a document onto a database.
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Shadow
The darkest parts in a photograph, represented in a halftone by the largest dots.
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Sharpen
To decrease in color strength, as when halftone dots become smaller; opposite of Thicken or Dot Spread.
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Sharpness
A photographic description of perfectly defined detail in an original, negative and reproduction.
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Shave
To cut a slight trim from bound books or paper.
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Sheet-Fed Press
A printing press which prints on individual sheets of paper, as opposed to paper in a continuous roll which is used on a web press.
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Sheets
Paper cut into basic sizes for printing.
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Sheetwise Layout
Different pages printed on each side of a sheet; used when the number of pages printed is sufficient to fill both sides of the sheet, using the same grippers and side guide.
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Shelfback
See: Spine.
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Shilling Fraction
In typesetting, a small slash fraction (1/2) versus a built up fraction ( 21. ).
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Shingle
To vary the gutter margin according to the position of the page in the signature, and the paper bulk; done on larger signatures; most commonly used for saddle stitched books where signatures are inserted.
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Short Grain Paper
Paper made with the machine direction of the majority of fibers in the shortest sheet dimension.
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Short Run
A press run from 100 to 2000 copies.
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Shot
An exposure made on a process camera.
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Show Through
(1) The transparency enhanced in printed sheets by the oily substances contained in ink; the ability to see the printing from the back of a sheet because the ink is too oily, too opaque, or the paper too transparent.
(2) Printing that is visible from the back side of a sheet, or the next sheet, under normal lighting conditions.
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Shrink Wrap
A clear plastic covering, heat-shrunk to fit tightly; used to avoid damaging books during shipment; also called Plastic Wrap, Plastic Shrink Wrap, or Shrink Packaging.
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Shrunk Negative
A negative in which the image is thinned down to knock out color or screen background, when a black screen or another color is to be printed in that area; also called a Choke Negative.
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Shutter
A device mounted either in front of, or behind, the lens in a camera to turn on or off light to the film plane.
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Sidehead
In composition, a caption, heading or title that appears at the side of a page or column.
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Signature
A printed sheet, after it has been folded. See: Section.
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Silhouette Halftone
A halftone with all screen background removed; also called Outline Halftone.
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Silhouetting
Opaquing out the background around a subject on a halftone negative.
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Silkscreen Printing
A printing process where ink is forced through the pores of a fabric screen stencil bearing a reverse image of the design to be printed; can be used to print on almost any surface; more ink is applied than with other printing methods.
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Silverprint
See: Bluelines.
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Sinkage
White space left at the top of a page, in addition to the top margin, most often at the beginning of a chapter.
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Sinkage Page
See: Drop Page.
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Size
Any material added or applied to paper to affect its ink or water absorbency. Starch, alginates and glue are used in surface sizing. Transparent white ink can be printed as a size to minimize linting, to increase ink hold-out, to dry ink previously printed or to overcome chalking.
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Sizing
(1) The addition of substances to paper that give it water resistance, abrasion resistance and surface bonding strength.
(2) See: Scaling.
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Skid
(1) A wood platform support used to ship materials, usually in cartons which have been stretch wrapped to the skid.
(2) A quantity of sheeted paper, weighing about 3000 lbs., skid packed.
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Sliding trap
A special trap instance where two gradations intersect and progress in opposing directions; as the two gradients progress the point of choke and spread will be distributed along the line so as not to generate a hard crossover point
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Slime Spots
Undesirable spots in a paper's surface, caused by the growth of micro-organisms at the wet end of the papermaking machine.
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Slip Case
A decorated slide box in which a finished book or set of volumes are inserted so that the spine(s) remains visible; also called Fiber Case.
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Slip-Sheeting
(1) Placing blank pieces of paper between folded sections prior to trimming four sides, to separate completed books.
(2) Inserting blank paper between printed sheets as they come off press, to avoid wet ink transferring; also called Interleaving.
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Slit Pocket
A thin cardboard added to front or back, inside case before cases are made. Books cased in, then endsheet is slit open by hand on edge of thin board.
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Slitting
Cutting printed sheets into two or more sections by means of cutting wheels on a folder.
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Small Capitals
Found in Expert font sets
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Small Caps (sc)
An alphabet of small capital letters available in most type faces, approximately the size of the lower case letters; usually used in combination with larger capital letters.
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Smash
To apply clamping pressure to folded signatures or sewn books, to remove excess air and make signatures or books more compact for binding. See also: Nip.
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Smashed or Weak Blanket
A small area in the press blanket that is no longer firm; usually results in a small area of light printing in the center of a well printed area.
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Smoothness
The flatness of a sheet of paper, which generally determines the crispness of the image printed on it.
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SMP (Sealed Mailing Packet)
Customized packet used for individual book mailing. A machine inserts the book into corro, kraft, poly, and/or kraft/poly material, seals, imprints customer and postal indicias and applies Cheshire labels.
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Smyth Sewing (CB)
Securing signatures together with thread by linked stitching on the back of the fold and through the center fold of each signature, permitting the book to open flat.
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Soft Dot
Halation or fringe around the edge of a dot which is excessive and almost equals the area of the dot itself.
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Softcover
See: Paperbound.
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Solid
(1) An area completely covered with ink.
(2) The use of 100% of a given color.
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Solid Leading
In typesetting, type set so the space from baseline to baseline is to be the same as the point size specified for the typeface used; expressed, for example, 8/8. See also: Set Solid.
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Special Delivery
An item of mail delivered as soon as practicable after it arrives at the addressee's Post Office. It virtually assures delivery on the day received at the Post Office, but generally does not speed up the transportation time to that point from the originating point. A fee is assessed in addition to the regular postage.
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Special Handling
Intended for preferential handling in dispatch and transportation of third and fourth-class mail. A special fee is assessed for each piece in addition to the regular postage.
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Spectrophotometer
An instrument used to measure the spectral reflectance of a color sample
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Spine
The back of a bound book connecting the two covers; also called Backbone or Shelfback.
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Spiral Binding
A binding in which wires in spiral form are inserted through holes punched along the binding side.
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Split Bind
An order with two or more bind types, such as perfect and case; also called Split Run or Simultaneous Edition.
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Spoilage
Rework in excess of $200.00.
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Spot Color
Ink colors designated by the Pantone or similar system, in which the ink used is the actual color desired (I.e., green ink rather than the process yellow and process cyan to simulate green).
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Spot Varnish
Press varnish applied to a portion of the sheet as opposed to an overall application of the varnish.
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Spots
Laser imaging devices create a spot size is based on the resolution of the device. This basic laser spot and width is measured in microns (thousandths of an inch).
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Spotting Out
See: Opaquing.
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Spread
The photographic thickening of type characters or other printing detail that will provide a color or tint overlap and allow for slight misregister in the successive printings.
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Spread Negative
A negative in which the image is thickened or spread.
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Spread trap
Will take an image and create a larger smaller version to overlap other image area. <>
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Square Back
See: Flat Back.
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Square Halftone
A halftone whose four sides are straight and perpendicular to one another.
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Stabilize
See: Condition.
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Stamping
Transferring an impression from a die by the application of heat and pressure; commonly used to decorate cases. Usually done with the addition of a foil which is transferred from a carrier membrane to a case.
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Stamping Die
See: Die.
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Standing Negatives
Imposed negative flats on file with the printer.
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Stapling
Binding a book or loose sheets with one or more wire staples.
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Stat
See: Contact Print.
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Stencil
Carton marking applied directly to a carton by an ink transfer process.
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Stet
A proofreader's term, written in the margin, signifying that copy marked for corrections should remain as it was;
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Still Shot
A camera shot which requires still development.
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Stochastic Screening
An alternative to conventional screening that separates an image into very fine, randomly placed microdots, rather than a grid of geometrically aligned halftone cells.
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Stock
Paper or other material to be printed.
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Stopping Out
See: Opaquing.
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Stopwords
Words that are common in a full-text file but have little value in searching. Words in a stopword file will be excluded from the indexes, considerably reducing the size of the indexes and improving search performance.
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Straight Edge
A tool for drawing or establishing a straight line.
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Straight Matter
Composition work that does not contain display lines, math, tabular or other complicated matter.
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Strike-On Composition
Type set by a direct-impression composing machine method or on a typewriter; also known as Cold Type.
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Strike-Through
The penetration of ink through paper so that it is visible on the reverse side.
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Strip In
To combine a negative with another to give a single page negative which contains all components; also called Set-in.
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Stripping
(1) Positioning of film (negative or positive) on Goldenrod or Goldenplast to create flats; also called Film Assembly.
(2) The condition under which steel press rollers fail to take up ink and are instead wet by the fountain solution.
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Style Sheet
A list of page format specifications, including typographic and layout specifications. In desktop publishing, a style sheet can be stored, retrieved, and applied to elements of the page displayed on the screen.
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Stylus Printer
See: Dot-Matrix Printer.
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Subhead
A secondary heading or title, usually set in smaller or less prominent type than a main heading in the text of typeset copy.
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Subsample
A method of reducing the resolution of an image by combining pixel arrays into a single value. The array of pixels is evaluated and the center most pixel value is applied to the entire area.
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Subscript
See: Inferior Character.
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Substance
The commonly used designation given to a sheet of paper, derived from the weight of one ream in the standard size for that paper grade.
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Substance Weight
See: Basis Weight.
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Subtractive Primary Colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black)
As opposed to Additive Primary Colors, Subtractive Colors are not transmissive; they are reflective on paper and printed media. When used together with various degrees of coverage and variation, they have the ability of creating billions of other colors.
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Super
A strip of gauze glued to the backbone during lining-up, so the cloth extends on both sides of the backbone, to hold sewn signatures in the case; also called Crash.
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Superior Figures
Letters or numbers in a raised position, usually in a smaller size; also known as Superscripts.
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Surface Sized
Paper that has been sized by applying a film of sizing agent to the surface of the dried or partially dried sheet, usually to increase its resistance to ink vehicle penetration.
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Surface Texture
The relative roughness, smoothness or unevenness of the paper surface.
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Surprint
(1) An additional printing over the design areas of previously printed matter; also called Overprint.
(2) Exposure from a second negative or flat, superimposed on an exposed image of a previous negative or flat.
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Swatch
See: Color Swatch.
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Swatchbook
A sample book which contains samples of available colors of materials such as ink, cloth or paper.
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Swell
The exact thickness at the binding edge of a book.
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SWOP
Abbreviation for the Specifications for Web Offset Publications, developed in the U.S. as a standard for magazine production, and used to ensure consistency of color printing.
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SyQuest
Named after the creating company, SyQuest is a technology of removable hard drives currently available in 44 mb, 88 mb & 105 mb disks; although manufactured now by various companies, the SyQuest disks are compatible with each other and their respective drives.
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